Studies

Effect of an Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (e-Cigarette) on Smoking Reduction and Cessation

The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit

Polosa; Caponnetto; Morjaria; Campagna and Russo (2011)

Acute pulmonary effects of using an e-cigarette: impact on respiratory flow resistance, impedance and exhaled nitric oxide

E-cigarettes assessed in the context of this study were found to have immediate adverse physiologic effects after short term use that are similar to some of the effects seen with tobacco smoking, however the long term health effects of e-cigarette use are unknown but potentially adverse and worthy of further investigation.

Vardavas, Anagnostopoulos, Kougias, Evangelopoulou, Connolly and Behrakis (2011)

Successful smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes in smokers with a documented history of recurring relapses: a case series

This is the first time that objective measures of smoking cessation are reported for smokers who quit successfully after using an E-cigarette. This was accomplished in smokers who repeatedly failed in previous attempts with professional smoking cessation assistance using the usual nicotine dependence treatments and smoking cessation counselling.

Caponnetto, Polosa, Russo, Leotta and Campagna (2011)

Variability Among Electronic Cigarettes in the Pressure Drop, Airflow Rate, and Aerosol Production

There was significant variability between and within brands in the airflow rate required to produce aerosol, pressure drop, length of time cartridges lasted, and production of aerosol. Variation in performance properties within brands suggests a need for better quality control during e-cigarette manufacture.

Williams and Talbot (2011)

Mining data on usage of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) from YouTube videos

YouTube videos provide a valuable resource for studying ENDS usage. Longer puff duration may help ENDS users compensate for the apparently poor delivery of nicotine from ENDS. As with conventional cigarette smoking, ENDS users showed a large variation in puff duration (range =1.9–8.3 s). ENDS puff duration should be considered when designing laboratory and clinical trials and in developing a standard protocol for evaluating ENDS performance.

Hua, Yip and Talbot (2011)

Electronic nicotine delivery systems: adult use and awareness of the ‘e-cigarette’ in the USA

Given the large increase in awareness and ever use of ENDS during this 1-year period and the unknown impact of ENDS use on cigarette smoking behaviours and long-term health, continued monitoring of these products is needed.

Regan, Promoff, Dube and Arrazola (2011)

Electronic-Cigarette Smoking Experience Among Adolescents

Overall, 444 (10.2%) students responded as having seen or heard of e-cigarettes. Twenty-two (.5%) students reported as having used an e-cigarette. The contact routes of information on e-cigarettes were the Internet (249, 46.4%), friends (150, 27.9%), television (59, 11.0%), books (50, 9.3%), and others (29, 5.4%). The following factors were determined to be statistically significant predictors of e-cigarette experience: male gender, perception of peer influence, satisfaction in school life, and cigarette smoking experience.

Cho, Shin and Moon (2011)

Electronic Cigarettes Deliver as Much Nicotine as Tobacco Cigarettes

... experienced users (all of them former smokers), in real life conditions (not in a laboratory) get a dose of nicotine similar to the dose that smokers usually get from tobacco cigarettes.

Etter and Bullen (2011)

Effect of an Electronic Nicotine Delivery Device (e-Cigarette) on Smoking Reduction and Cessation: A Prospective 6-Month Pilot Study

Conclusion: The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit

Polosa, Caponnetto, Morjaria, Papale, Campagna and Russo (2011)

Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Cartridges, Refill Solutions, and Smoke for Nicotine and Nicotine Related Impurities

Nicotine was shown to be delivered using electronic cigarette devices although the amount of nicotine delivered will be greatly impacted by the ‘‘smoking’’ habits of the consumer. Significant labeling issues were found to exist with products in the market place with respect to product labeling accuracy. Some products were found to contain high concentrations of nicotine when labeled not to contain nicotine.

Trehya, Yea, Hadwigera, Moorea, Allgirea, Woodruffa, Ahadia, Blacka & Westenbergera (2011)

Collection of Studies on Propylene Glycol - http://www.vapersclub.com/pg.php

Smoking Cessation with E-Cigarettes in Smokers with a Documented History of Depression and Recurring Relapses

The most important message from this case series is that these individuals were able to quit and to remain abstinent for at least 6 months after taking up an electronic cigarette. This is the first time that objective measures of smoking cessation are reported in smokers, suffering from depression, who quit after experimenting with the e-cigarette. This is quite outstanding in consideration of the fact that this result was accomplished by highly addicted smokers who repeatedly failed professional smoking cessation assistance without the support of recommended nicotine dependence treatments and smoking cessation counselling.

Caponnetto, Polosa, Auditore, Russo & Campagna (2011)

Interviews With “Vapers”: Implications for Future Research With Electronic Cigarettes

Even with a relatively small sample of formal participants (N = 15), there were pervasive themes including the language and culture of vaping; social and informational support among vapers and their use of Internet resources (learning about e-cigs); the learning curve to using e-cigs and the numerous modifications (“mods”) available for e-cigs and personal vaporizers; motives and perceived benefits of using e-cigs versus cigarettes including cigarette-like enjoyment, cost, restored sense of taste and smell, and improved breathing and exercise tolerance; rapidly reduced nicotine tolerance and dependence; and a strong interest in e-cig–related research and policy.

McQueen, Tower and Sumner (2011)

Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: A step forward or a repeat of past mistakes?

Electronic cigarettes are designed to mitigate tobacco-related disease by reducing cigarette consumption and smoking rates. The evidence reviewed in this article suggests that electronic cigarettes are a much safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes.

Cahna and Siegel (2011)

Safety Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes in Smokers

... a trace amount of acroelin was detected in the vapour collected from a single filter cartridge, it was less than the minimum amount in mainstream smoke from a single tobacco cigarette. During the use of the electronic cigarette, the daily consumption of tobacco cigarettes decreased significantly.

Miura, Kikukawa, Nakao, Tokai, Izumi, Fujii and Hojo (2011)

The Electronic Cigarette: Acute Effects on Mood and Craving

The electronic cigarette can be effective in reducing nicotine-related withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke after 5 minutes of use.
The nicotine content does not seem to be of central importance and other smoking-related cues (e.g. taste, vapour resembling smoke) may be sufficient to reduce discomfort associated with tobacco abstinence in the short term.
The smokers tested here were only deprived of tobacco smoking for one hour and were tested after 5 minutes of using the e-cigarette. Whether the above conclusions extend to more severely-deprived smokers and over a longer time period remains to be determined.

Dawkins, Kent and Turner (2010)

Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: randomised cross-over trial

The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette. Evaluation of the ENDD for longer-term safety, potential for long-term use and efficacy as a cessation aid is needed.

Bullen, McRobbie, Thornley, Glover, Lin, Laugesen (2010)

Electronic nicotine delivery devices: ineffective nicotine delivery and craving suppression after acute administration

Relative to a tobacco cigarette, 10 puffs from either of these electronic nicotine delivery devices (E-cigarettes) with a 16 mg nicotine cartridge delivered little to no nicotine and suppressed craving less effectively (see Bullen et al).6 Importantly, these results were from two specific products tested under acute conditions in which puff number was controlled...

Eissenberg (2010)

A Clinical Laboratory Model for Evaluating the Acute Effects of Electronic “Cigarettes”: Nicotine Delivery Profile and Cardiovascular and Subjective Effects

Own brand significantly increased plasma nicotine and CO concentration and heart rate within the first five minutes of administration whereas NPRO EC, Hydro EC, and sham smoking did not. Own brand, NPRO EC, and Hydro EC (but not sham) significantly decreased tobacco abstinence symptom ratings and increased product acceptability ratings. The magnitude of symptom suppression and increased acceptability was greater for own brand than for NPRO EC and Hydro EC.

Vansickel, Cobb, Weaver and Eissenberg (2010)

No harm found in e-cigarette mist